Demographic Processes in the Southern Urals in 1920s-1930s

УДК 94(47) = 94(470.5:314.116)

DOI 10.28995/2073-0101-2019-2-480-493

Ravilya R. Khisamutdinova, Albina I. Azhigulova

Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation

Demographic Processes in the Southern Urals in 1920s-1930s

Abstract

In the study of demographic processes, regional approach is extremely important, as it allows to trace general patterns, as well as peculiarities in vital statistics. The article deals with vital statistics of the South Ural region in the period between official Soviet censuses of 1926 and of 1939; it studies both internal and external factors. General-logical methods of induction and deduction are used to consider vital statistics nationwide and in each subject of the Southern Urals as well. Historical methods (i.e., problem-chronological, historical-comparative) allow to conduct research in accordance with historical sequence and to identify main features of demographic processes in administrative divisions. General scientific and historical methods allow to study year-by-year vital statistics in the Orenburg and Chelyabinsk regions and the Bashkir Autonomous Republic. Inaccessibility of sources on the 20th century demography to most researchers has had its negative impact on the scientific view on Soviet vital statistics. The authors strive to identify features of vital statistics of the Southern Urals in 1920s-1930s. The case-study has proved that Soviet economic and political reforms of the period had a significant impact on the demographic balance in the Southern Urals. Year-by-year comparison of rural and urban population dynamics over 13 years between two censuses suggests compensatory natural movement of the population in the pre-war period. The authors conclude that intra-regional features can be associated with rapid development of industry in the Chelyabinsk region in the days of the pre-war five-year plans. It resulted in predominance of urban population over rural population in the Chelyabinsk region, in a radical departure from the tendency in agricultural areas of the Southern Urals (Bashkiria and the Orenburg region). The results of the study can be used in textbooks and monographs on demography, as well as in special courses on Russian demography or demography of the Southern Urals.

Keywords

Historical souces, demography, Southern Urals, population, birth rate, mortality, population change

Download the article: khisamutdinova_azhigulova_doi

References

AZHIGULOVA, A. I. Epidemicheskie zabolevaniya v Orenburgskoi derevne, povliyavshie na demograficheskoe polozhenie naseleniya v 1930-e gg. [Epidemic diseases in the Orenburg village and their influence on the demographic situation in 1930s. In Russ.]. IN: Klio, 2016, no. 3(111), pp. 124-128.

ANDREEV, E. M., DARSKII, L. E., KHARKOVA, T. L. Naselenie Sovetskogo Soyuza, 1922–1991 [The population of the Soviet Union: 1922-1991. In Russ.]. Moscow, Nauka publ., 1993, 143 p.

ARALOVETS, N. A. Poteri naseleniya sovetskogo obshchestva v 1930-e gody: problemy, istochniki, metody izucheniya v otechestvennoi istoriografii [Population losses of the Soviet society in 1930s: Problems, sources, methods of study in the national historiography. In Russ.]. IN: Otechestvennaya istoriya, 1995, no 1, pp. 135-146.

ARUTYUNYAN, U. V. Kollektivizatsiya sel'skogo khozyaitva i vysvobozhdenie rabochei sily dlya promyshlennosti [Collectivization of the agriculture and release of man power for industry. In Russ.]. IN: Formirovanie i razvitie sovetskogo rabochego klassa (1917 – 1961) sbornik statei [Formation and development of the Soviet working class (1917-1961): Collected articles. In Russ.]. Moscow, 1964, pp. 100-110.

ASMUS, T. A., KOVALENKO, A. V. Demografiya (konspekt lektsii) [Demograpy: A compendium of lectures. In Russ.]. Tomsk, TPU publ., 2000, 53 p.

BARANOV, E. Y. Naselenie Urala v usloviyakh goloda 1930-kh godov: istoriko-demograficheskaya kharakteristika [The Urals population amidst hunger of 1930s: Historical and demographic characteristics. In Russ.]. IN: Agrarnaya sfera v kontekste rossiiskikh modernizatsii 18–20 vv.: makro- i mikroprocessy: sb. statei [Agricultural sector in the context of Russian modernization of the 18th – 20th century: Macro- and microprocesses: Collected articles. In Russ.]. Orenburg, 2010, pp. 45-49.

ZHIROMSKAYA, V. B. Osnovnye tendentsii demograficheskogo razvitiya Rossii v XX veke [Main trends of demographic development of Russia in the 20th century. In Russ.]. Moscow, Kuchkovo pole publ., 2012, 80 p.

TSAPLIN, V. V. Statistika zhertv stalinizma v 30-e gody [Statistics on victims of Stalinism in 1930s. In Russ.]. IN: Voprosy istorii, 1989, no. 4, pp. 175-181.

About authors

Khisamutdinova Ravilya Rakhimyanovna, doctor of historical Sciences, Professor, Orenburg state pedagogical University, Professor, 8-895-087-83-65, This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Azhigulova Albina Islamovna, Orenburg state pedagogical University, competitor of a scientific degree of candidate of historical Sciences, 8-919-856-99-72, This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Submitted 19.11.2018, published (for Citation):

KHISAMUTDINOVA, R. R., AZHIGULOVA, A. I. Demograficheskie protsessy na Yuzhnom Urale v 1920-1930-e gg. [Demographic Processes in the Southern Urals in 1920s-1930s. In Russ.]. IN: Vestnik arhivista / Herald of an Archivist, 2019, no. 2, pp. 480-493. doi 10.28995/2073-0101-2019-2-480-493