Peculiarities of training of national intellectual personnel in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur technical school of the peoples of the North in the 1930s.

Scientific article

doi 10.28995/2073-0101-2024-3-913-929

For citation

Akhmetova, Anna V., Kovalchuk, Mikhail A., Bobyshev, Sergey V. (2024), Peculiarities of training of national intellectual personnel in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur technical school of the peoples of the North in the 1930s, Herald of an Archivist, № 3, pp. 913-929, doi 10.28995/2073-0101-2024-3-913-929

Akhmetova, Anna V., Kovalchuk, Mikhail A., Bobyshev, Sergey V., Far Eastern State University of Railway Transport, Khabarovsk, Russia

Peculiarities of training of national intellectual personnel in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur technical school of the peoples of the North in the 1930s.

Abstract

The article reveals the problems of training of national personnel in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur Pedagogical Technical School of the Peoples of the North in the period of radical transformation of the national policy of the 1930s. The authors analyzed the documents of state and municipal archives, which revealed the facts testifying to the formation and development of the educational institution, as well as the difficulties that teachers and students had to face because of the move from Khabarovsk to Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. The article investigates the activity of secondary specialized educational institution at the initial stage of its existence based on the use of documents from archives and previously not involved in the scientific turnover. In addition to the principles of historicism, objectivity and comprehensiveness, the study uses a biopolitical approach, thanks to which biosocial factors are taken into account when considering the problems of the organization of the pedagogical process. Of particular importance is the consideration of the documents of the fund of the Municipal Archive of the Nikolaevsky District (MANR), dedicated to the activities of the Nikolaevsk-on-Amur Technical School of the Peoples of the North. The archival documents reflected the main problems of the formation of the educational institution: the construction of educational premises, the need for a dormitory, the relationship of students with teaching and medical staff, as well as the peculiarities of the implementation of educational programs with students from indigenous minorities of the North. The significance of the use of historical documents lies in the fact that the whole period of existence of the archive fund (from 1926 to the present) they were first used for scientific purposes. The authors managed to show the complex economic and political circumstances of the transfer of the technical school from the regional center to a remote area, and presented an objective picture of the initial stage of formation of the system of education and upbringing of small ethnic groups of the Lower Amur on the example of one secondary vocational institution. The most acute issues at the initial stages of the technical school's activity were not educational, but medical and everyday problems of students and teachers. The significance of the scientific results of the study lies in the absence of similar studies in the Soviet and modern historiography. The conclusions presented in the article allow us to develop a methodology for a comprehensive study of educational institutions of remote regions with national specifics.

Keywords

Historical sources, system of specialized secondary education and upbringing, medical care, national intelligentsia, indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, national policy, Soviet state, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.

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About the authors

Akhmetova, Anna V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, associate professor, Far Eastern State University of Railway Engineering, management of research activity, senior researcher, Khabarovsk, Russia, 8-962-296-00-95, This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Kovalchuk Mikhail A., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Far Eastern State University of Railway Transport, Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Professor, Khabarovsk, Russia, 8-914-548-22-12, This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Bobyshev Sergey V., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Far Eastern State University of Railway Engineering, Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Head of Department, Khabarovsk, Russia, 8-914-175-80-07, This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Grant information

The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant № 23-28-01366, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01366/

The article was received in the editorial office on 02.02.2024, recommended for publication on 20.06.2024.